Grafted seedlings are divided into two categories: seed-based grafted seedlings and vegetative-based grafted seedlings. Seed-based seedlings are seedlings whose base is used as a result of the germination of a plant's seed. While in the vegetative base seedlings, this base is produced by vegetative methods such as plant tissue culture, cuttings, or other methods. Among all these methods, the vegetative bases of tissue culture are the newest and most significant trees. From another point of view, a grafted seedling can have one or more grafts. Trees with multiple grafts may also produce one or more varieties of fruit at the same time depending on the type of base (for example, a citrus tree that produces oranges, oranges, tangerines, and oranges at the same time). This category of trees are usually garden trees and are not used in commercial gardens because it is difficult to maintain these types of trees and increases the cost of horticulture.
Bonded trees with vegetative base
The base of this category of trees, as mentioned, is produced by vegetative methods, the most famous and modern of which is the tissue culture method. In this method, a cell or a small piece of plant tissue is isolated and grown in the laboratory on a special culture medium. After the foundation is formed in the laboratory and transferred to the agricultural land, the grafting is done on this foundation. But methods such as cutting and laying are also used in this category to produce the base. Due to the nature of their base, this category of transplanted seedlings usually has more superficial and spreading roots, but the volume of these roots is more than that of seed bases. These seedlings are usually short and their production focus is on fruit production instead of branches. Also, the economic life and resistance of these foundations to pests, diseases and unsuitable soil conditions are also extremely high.
Seedlings
These trees usually have very deep and vertical roots, and they bear fruit later than the base trees. These trees are also known as traditional grafted trees. Usually, the height of this category of trees is high and they may have good resistance to some pests and diseases. In choosing the seed base, we try to select the seeds of plants that have good resistance to harsh environmental conditions, and sometimes we use wild varieties of the same plant that we intend to transplant on the base. For example, if we intend to produce almonds of the midwife variety on the seed base, we try to use the bitter almond base, which has resistance and immunity to many diseases.
ویژگی ها و مزیت های نهال پایه رویشی کشت بافت نسبت به نهال های پایه بذری
1- Faster fruiting speed so that in many cases they start to bear economic fruit in the third year.
2-Higher resistance to unsuitable, salty, calcareous, alkaline and clay soils.
3-Higher fruit production per hectare.
4- Higher economic life of the tree.
5- The possibility of building dense gardens, which increases the productivity of water resources and lands.
6- Resistance to dehydration and much less water requirement (due to surface roots).
7- Resistance to the late spring cold and protection of the blossoms created by the tree.
8- Lower height compared to the seed bases and as a result reducing the consumption of agricultural inputs and easy harvesting of fruits.
9- The ease of transplanting operations due to better and more peeling.
The process of producing vegetative bases of fruits
1- Vegetative bases are produced in the laboratory
2- Moving the foundations to the adaptation hall
3- Transfer from the cultivation tray to the potting bag
4- Passing the time necessary for the longitudinal growth of the bases
5- Selecting the bases to be sent
6- Final packaging
7- Loader
